Chemiluminescent Ammonia Fountain
Crystallization from Supersaturated Solutions of Sodium Acetate
Density and Miscibility of Liquids
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Osmotic Pressure of a Sugar Solution
Vapor Pressure of Solutions: Raoult’s Law
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Water Softening – Hard and Soft Water With Soap
Clean Air With the Cottrell Precipitator
Color of Sunset: The Tyndall Effect
Getting Colder: Freezing Point Depression
Getting Hotter: Boiling Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Salting Out: Making Liquids Immiscible
Volume Increase Upon Neutralization
Getting Hotter: Boiling-Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Description: Calcium Chloride is added to boiling water after the temperature is determined. Upon further heating, when the solution boils again, the boiling temperature is higher for pure water.
Source: Shakhashiri, B.Z. Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry
Year: 1989 Vol: 3 Page: 297
Keywords: Boiling point elevation, Colligative properties, Calcium chloride, Vapor pressure
Rating: 
Hazard: Medium
- Burn hazard
- Electric shock hazard
- Scald hazard
- Acute toxicity hazard
- Skin corrosion hazard
- Mild flammability hazard
- Eye irritation
Effectiveness: Good
- Good connection from demo to course material
- High reliability
- Time to results is medium
- Secondary observations
- Mild effects are seen by audience
Difficulty: Medium
- Reagent addition in sequence
- Demos at non-standard conditions
- Demos in which a display is used
- Simple procedures
- Simple manipulations for most to perform
Safety Precautions:
- Use of UL approved three-prong plug and outlet required
- Eye protection is required
- Thermal gloves are required
- Absorbent materials on hand
- Sodium bicarbonate on hand
- ABC fire extinguisher on hand
Class: Intermolecular Forces, Properties of Solutions, Equilibrium of Chemical Systems
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
Return to General Chemistry Demonstrations