Chemiluminescent Ammonia Fountain
Crystallization from Supersaturated Solutions of Sodium Acetate
Density and Miscibility of Liquids
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Osmotic Pressure of Sugar Solution
Vapor Pressure of Solutions: Raoult’s Law
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Water Softening– Hard and Soft Water With Soap
Clean Air With the Cottrell Precipitator
Color of Sunset: Tyndall Effect
Getting Colder: Freezing Point Depression
Getting Hotter: Boiling Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Salting Out: Making Liquids Immiscible
Volume Increase Upon Neutralization
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Description: The intensity of color of bromine vapor is reduced by placing a colorless volatile liquid into the same container.
Source: Journal of Chemical Education – Vol. 67
Year: 1990 Volume: 67 Page: 598
Keywords: Ideal solution, Raoult’s Law, Vapor pressure, Partial pressure, Bromine
Rating: 
Hazard: Medium
- Inhalation hazard
- Acute toxicity hazard
- Chemical burn hazard
- Skin corrosion hazard
- Serious eye damage
- Aquatic toxicity hazard
- Flammability hazard
Effectiveness: Good
- Results are observable with guidance
- Good connection from demo to course material
- Clear contrast between behavior of systems
- Time to results is medium
- Good reliability
Difficulty: High
- Careful manipulations required to avoid exposure to reagents
- Use of toxic reagents
- Multi-step procedure with variable results
- Demos in which a display is used
- Prior practice recommended
Safety Precautions:
- Perform in a well-ventilated area, downdraft hood preferred
- Gloves are required
- Eye protection is required
- Chemical spill reagents on hand- Sodium Thiosulfate, 10% solution
- Use UL approved three-prong plug and outlet
- Prevent release of reagents to the environment
Class: Properties of Solutions, Physical Behavior of Gases, Partial Pressure
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
Return to General Chemistry Demonstrations