Thermal Expansion of Gases
In the first photo, an inflated balloon is suspended in a white bowl with a black capped container.
In the second photo, a gloved hand pours the container’s contents over the green balloon in the white bowl.
In the third photo, a gloved hand pour clear liquid from the blue container on to the shriveled balloon while vapor surrounds the balloon in a bowl.
Description: Pouring liquid nitrogen on a blown-up balloon causes the balloon to shrink.
Source: Shakhashiri, B.Z. Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry
Year: 1985 Vol: 2 Page: 24
Keywords: Balloon, Volume vs. Temperature, Molecular velocity, Boltzmann’s Distribution
Rating: 
Hazard: Some
- Cryogenic burn hazard
- Asphyxiation hazard
- Inhalation hazard
- Implosion hazard
Effectiveness: Good
- Good connection from demo to course material
- Results are clearly observable without guidance
- High reliability
- Time to results is medium
- Mild effects are seen by audience
Difficulty: Medium
- Reactions or demos at non-standard conditions
- Concerted manipulations
- Handling of cryogenic materials
- Some intermediate steps to result
Safety Precautions:
- Gloves/Cryogenic gloves required
- Perform in well-ventilated area
- Temperature resistant surface recommended
- Eye protection required
- Handle Dewar flask with care
Class: Gas Laws, Physical Behavior of Gases
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
Home| General Chemistry Demonstrations| Physical Chemistry Demonstrations