Equilibrium Between Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Effect of Pressure of Melting Point of Ice
The Liquid Phase of Carbon Dioxide
Vapor Pressure of Pure Liquids
Getting Colder: Freezing-Point Depression
Getting Hotter: Boiling-Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Osmotic Pressure of Sugar Solution
Vapor Pressure of Solutions: Raoult’s Law
Boiling Two Liquids at Room Temperature
Salting Out: Making Liquids Immiscible
Electrolysis of Potassium Iodide
Hydrogen Ion Concentration Cell
Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Instrumental Recording of a Titration Curve
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Getting Colder: Freezing Point of Depression
Description: Salt is added to an ice-water mixture, and the temperature of the mix decreases.
Source: Shakhashiri, B.Z. Chemical Demonstrations: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry
Year: 1989 Vol: 3 Page: 290
Keywords: Freezing-point depression, Colligative properties, Melting, Sodium Chloride
Rating: 
Hazard: Low
- Electric shock hazard
Effectiveness: Good
- Good connection from demo to course material
- Low failure rate
- Secondary observations
- Mild effects are seen by audience
- Time to results is medium
Difficulty: Medium
- Nonreactive reagents
- Procedures are simple
- Simple manipulations for most to perform
- Demos in which a display is used
Safety Precautions:
- Eye protection required
- Use of UL approved three-prong plug and outlet
- Absorbent materials on hand
Class: Properties of Solutions. Colligative Properties, Equilibrium of Chemical Systems
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
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