Equilibrium Between Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Effect of Pressure On Melting Point of Ice
The Liquid Phase of Carbon Dioxide
Vapor Pressure of Pure Liquids
Getting Colder: Freezing-Point Depression
Getting Hotter: Boiling-Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Osmotic Pressure or a Sugar Solution
Vapor Pressure of Solutions: Raoult’s Law
Boiling Two Liquids at Room Temperature
Salting Out: Making Liquids Immiscible
Electrolysis of Potassium Iodide
Hydrogen Ion Concentration Cell
Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Instrumental Recording of a Titration Curve
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Description: The conductivity of water, solutions of acids and bases (strong and weak), salts, and nonconducting liquids are compared.
This demonstration is also available on video and JCE “Chemistry Comes Alive!” CD-Rom.
Source: UW Card Catalog
Year: 1999 Volume: 76 Page: 1311
Keywords: Liquids, Conductivity, Ions, Charge carriers, Circuit
Rating: 
Hazard: Medium
- Electrocution hazard
- Spill hazard
- Acute toxicity hazard
- Skin corrosion hazard
- Inhalation hazard
- Eye irritation hazard
- Corrosive to metals
- Flammable liquids
Effectiveness: Good
- Results are clearly observable
- Good connection from demo to course material
- Low failure rate
- Time to results is medium
- Contrast between systems’ behavior is obvious
Difficulty: Medium
- Procedures with some intermediate steps
- Cross contamination possible
- Use of live voltage
- Prior training recommended
- Careful manipulations are required
Safety Precautions:
- Gloves required
- UL approved three-prong plug and outlet required
- Eye protection required
- Insulated conductor required
- Absorbent material on hand
Class: Properties of Solutions, Equilibrium, Types of Chemical Reactions
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
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