Equilibrium Between Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Effect of Pressure on Melting Point of Ice
The Liquid Phase of Carbon Dioxide
Vapor Pressure of Pure Liquids
Getting Colder: Freezing-Point Depression
Getting Hotter: Boiling-Point Elevation by Nonvolatile Solutes
Osmotic Pressure of a Sugar Solution
Vapor Pressure Of Solutions: Raoult’s Law
Boiling Two Liquids at Room Temperature
Salting Out: Making Liquids Immiscible
Electrolysis of Potassium Iodide
Hydrogen Ion Concentration Cell
Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
Electrical Conductivity of Liquids and Solutions
Instrumental Recording of a Titration Curve
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
A Visual Demonstration of Raoult’s Law
Description: The intensity of color of bromine vapor is reduced by placing a colorless volatile liquid into the same container.
Source: Journal of Chemical Education – Vol. 67
Year: 1990 Volume: 67 Page: 598
Keywords: Ideal solution, Raoult’s Law, Vapor pressure, Partial pressure, Bromine
Rating: 
Hazard: Medium
- Inhalation hazard
- Acute toxicity hazard
- Chemical burn hazard
- Skin corrosion hazard
- Serious eye damage
- Aquatic toxicity hazard
- Flammability hazard
Effectiveness: Good
- Results are observable with guidance
- Good connection from demo to course material
- Clear contrast between behavior of systems
- Time to results is medium
- Good reliability
Difficulty: High
- Careful manipulations required to avoid exposure to reagents
- Use of toxic reagents
- Multi-step procedure with variable results
- Demos in which a display is used
- Prior practice recommended
Safety Precautions:
- Perform in a well-ventilated area, downdraft hood preferred
- Gloves are required
- Eye protection is required
- Chemical spill reagents on hand- Sodium thiosulfate, 10% solution
- Use UL approved three-prong plug and outlet
- Prevent release of reagents to the environment
Class: Properties of Solutions, Physical Behavior of Gases, Partial Pressure
Division: General, Physical Chemistry
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