Acids and Bases- Acid and Ammonium Hydroxide Solubility Effect

 Acid and Ammonium Hydroxide Solubility  Effect

Description: Several acid and precipitate systems are treated with acid or base versus water. The behavior of each pair can be compared with the system behavior with water added in each case. There are several reactions that can be used.

MgCl₂(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2NaCl(aq)  + 2HCl(aq) → Mg⁺²(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + 2Na+(aq) + 2 Cl^–(aq)  

Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2NaCl(aq)  + H₂O(l) → N.R. 

3AgNO₃(aq) + Na₃PO₄(aq) → Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3NaNO₃ + 3HNO₃(aq) → 3Ag⁺(aq) + H₃PO₄(aq) + 3NO₃^– + 3Na⁺(aq) 

Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3NaNO₃ + 3H₂O(l) → N.R. 

CaCl₂(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) → CaCO₃(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → Ca₊₂(aq) + 2Cl_–(aq) + H₂CO3(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) 

CaCO₃(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) → N.R. 

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) or HCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) or HNO₃(aq) 

AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) + HNO₃(aq) → N.R. 

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) or HCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) or HNO₃(aq) 

AgCl(s) + NH₄OH(aq) → Ag(NH₃)₂+(aq) + H₂O(l) + Cl^–(aq) 

AgCl(s) + 2NH₄OH(aq) → Ag(NH₃)₂⁺(aq) + 2H₂O(l) + Cl^–(aq) 

CuSO₄(aq) + 2NH₄OH(aq) → Cu(OH)₂(s) + 2NH₄⁺(aq) + SO₄^-2(aq) 

CuSO₄(aq) + 4NH₄OH(aq) → Cu(NH₃)₄⁺²(aq) + 4H₂O(l) + SO₄^-2(aq) 

Cu(NH₃)₄⁺²(aq) + SO₄^-2(aq) + 2HNO₃(aq) → Cu(OH)₂(s) + SO₄^-2(aq) + 2NO₃^–(aq) + 4NH₄⁺(aq) 

 Source: UW Card Catalog

Year: N/A   Vol: N/A   Page: N/A

Keywords: Acids and Bases, Solubility, Precipitation, Dissolution

Rating:

Hazard: Some

• Acute toxicity hazard- oral, inhalation
• Serious eye damage
• Skin corrosion hazard
• Aquatic toxicity hazard
• Oxidizing liquids
• Corrosive to metals
• Electric shock hazard
• Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure – respiratory system
• Mildly toxic reagents in use

Effectiveness: Average

• Some connection from demo to course material
• Contrast between systems behavior is noticeable
• Mild effects are observed by audience
• Good reliability
• Time to results is low

Difficulty: Medium

• Simple manipulations for most to perform
• Procedures with some intermediate steps to results
• Adding reagents in concert, or timed
• Use of mildly reactive substances

Safety Precautions:

• Eye protection required
• Gloves required
• Protective clothing required
• Perform near downdraft fume hood
• Absorbent material on hand
• Avoid exposure to dusts, mists, and vapors
• Use UL-approved three-prong plug and outlet
• Prevent release of reagents to the environment

Class: Acids and Bases, Equilibrium, Solubility

Division: General

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